Guinea pigs, scientifically known as Cavia porcellus, are small domesticated rodents kept as pets for companionship. Originating from South America, they have a stout build, short legs, and distinctive whiskers. Known for their sociable nature, guinea pigs require proper care, a balanced diet, and a clean habitat. They are not pigs but got their name due to their squealing sounds. With a lifespan of 5-7 years, guinea pigs are popular pets, especially for families, due to their gentle disposition and suitability for indoor housing.